Lateral movement refers to a cyber-attack strategy wherein attackers, having successfully infiltrated a network, proceed to navigate through various systems and areas within the network. This technique is pivotal in cyber-attacks as it allows attackers to extend their reach beyond the initial point of breach and access sensitive information or high-value assets.
The process typically begins once attackers have bypassed the initial network defenses. This breach can occur through various means, such as exploiting network vulnerabilities, phishing attacks, or other forms of social engineering. Once inside the network, attackers aim to avoid detection while they search for valuable data or systems. This stealthy progression is what defines lateral movement.
A key aspect of lateral movement is the acquisition and use of legitimate user credentials. Attackers often harvest these credentials through methods like credential theft, where they may use malware to capture keystrokes, or through phishing attacks, where unsuspecting users are tricked into divulging their login information. By using legitimate credentials, attackers can impersonate actual users, thereby reducing the likelihood of detection. This impersonation enables them to access various areas of the network, including those with sensitive or high-value data, without raising immediate alarms.
During lateral movement, attackers might deploy tools and techniques to gain further control over the network. This can include escalating their privileges to gain higher-level access, creating backdoors to ensure continued access, or deploying additional malware to assist in data extraction or further network penetration. The ultimate goal is often to reach data centers or critical IT environments where sensitive data, intellectual property, or significant operational systems are stored.
Lateral movement poses a significant threat to organizations as it indicates that attackers are no longer just at the gates, but inside the walls, often moving undetected. It underscores the need for robust internal security measures, including regular monitoring of network activity, implementing strong authentication processes, and educating employees about cybersecurity risks. Recognizing and responding to lateral movement swiftly is crucial in mitigating the damage an attacker can inflict once inside a network.